Foundation crochet stitches are a method of starting a crochet project without having to create a starting chain and then work into it. They are especially useful for projects where you need a stretchy foundation (such as garments, hats, or items that require a snug fit), or when it's difficult to determine the appropriate starting chain length for your project.
Key benefits of using foundation crochet stitches
Foundation stitches can help you achieve a more even tension and prevent your initial chain from being too tight or too loose, which can affect the overall shape and size of your project.
When you're unsure about the number of chains needed for your project, foundation stitches allow you to create a foundation row of your desired stitch and length without the need to count chains or risk starting over.
Foundation stitches are especially helpful when starting a project in the round because they allow you to join your work seamlessly, making it easier to maintain a continuous pattern without an obvious seam.
For certain projects like scarves, foundation stitches can help prevent the edges from curling, which is common with traditional chain-based starts.
You can make foundation stitches with many types of stitches, but the most common are as follows:
Foundation Single Crochet (fsc):
Begin with a slip knot on your hook.
Chain 2.
Insert your hook into the first chain (the second chain from the hook) and pull up a loop.
Yarn over and pull through one loop on your hook (creating a chain stitch).
Yarn over and pull through both loops on your hook (creating a single crochet stitch).
Continue this process for as many stitches as you need.
Foundation Double Crochet (fdc):
Begin with a slip knot on your hook.
Chain 3.
Yarn over and insert your hook into the third chain from the hook.
Pull up a loop.
Yarn over and pull through the first loop on your hook (creating a chain stitch).
Yarn over and pull through the first two loops on your hook (creating a half-double crochet).
Yarn over and pull through the remaining two loops on your hook (creating a double crochet stitch).
Continue this process for as many stitches as you need.
Foundation Half Double Crochet (fhdc):
Begin with a slip knot on your hook.
Chain 2.
Yarn over and insert your hook into the first chain (the second chain from the hook).
Pull up a loop.
Yarn over and pull through the first loop on your hook (creating a chain stitch).
Yarn over and pull through all three loops on your hook (creating a half-double crochet stitch).
Continue this process for as many stitches as you need.
These foundation crochet stitches allow you to create a foundation row of your desired stitch without having to work into a separate chain. They are especially useful when starting a project where gauge or tension is critical, as they provide a more elastic and flexible foundation compared to traditional starting chains.